Islamabad, Feb 22: Chinese researchers have identified a new bat coronavirus, HKU5-CoV-2, capable of infecting human cells, reigniting discussions on zoonotic diseases and pandemic preparedness. The discovery, led by renowned virologist Shi Zhengli of the Guangzhou Laboratory, was published in the journal Cell, drawing international scientific attention.
HKU5-CoV-2 is a variant of the HKU5 virus, originally found in Japanese pipistrelle bats in Hong Kong. It belongs to the merbecovirus subgenus, which includes the MERS virus, and shares some features with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.
One of its notable characteristics is the presence of a furin cleavage site, a key component that enhances a virus’s ability to invade human cells. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that HKU5-CoV-2 can infect intestinal and airway cells with high ACE2 receptor expression, similarities that have raised concerns within the scientific community.
Despite its ability to bind to human cells, experts stress that HKU5-CoV-2 poses a much lower risk of human infection compared to SARS-CoV-2. The study itself cautions against exaggerating the virus’s potential impact. Michael Osterholm, an infectious disease expert from the University of Minnesota, dismissed concerns over a potential outbreak, citing improved global immunity to SARS-like viruses since the COVID-19 pandemic.
Further research from the University of Washington and Wuhan University also suggests that while HKU5-CoV-2 can interact with mammalian ACE2 receptors, it does not efficiently bind to human receptors. Encouragingly, scientists have already identified monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs that could be effective against HKU5-CoV-2, providing early treatment options if human cases were ever to emerge.
Shi Zhengli, often referred to as China’s “Batwoman” for her extensive work on bat-borne viruses, remains at the forefront of early detection and prevention efforts. Her research continues amid ongoing debates regarding China’s role in global virology studies. Although the origins of SARS-CoV-2 remain unresolved, Shi has consistently refuted lab-leak theories and emphasized the importance of proactive research to prevent future outbreaks.
The discovery of HKU5-CoV-2 highlights the need for vigilance without unnecessary alarm. While the virus warrants continued monitoring, experts agree that there is no immediate cause for widespread concern. The global scientific community remains focused on early detection and preparedness, reinforcing the critical role of research in safeguarding public health.
